differentiate between descriptive and prescriptive approaches of comparative education

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ABSTRACT This study is being conducted to investigate the cultural perception of the user interface elements of a website among two distinct cultures: liberal (British) and prescriptive (Arab). In this paper, we first differentiate the descriptive and prescriptive approaches to research, then review the systems of logic in philosophy of science and consider the logic of prescriptive statements. Descriptive vs. Prescriptive Rules. This approach is used to describe variables rather than to test a predicted relationship between variables. Background: Phenomenology is a discipline that investigates people's experiences to reveal what lies 'hidden' in them. Differences between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. Given the “pluses and minuses” of each, it’s worth exploring how a combination of these approaches could work in practice. Causal research design strictly uses experiments. Syllabus Vs Curriculum: Key Differences. The field study approach unlike area study approach, concerns itself with the study of the educational systems of many countries at the same time. The connection between statistical inference and the logic of prescriptive statements will be explicitly established as well. Differences Between Descriptive & Exploratory Research. If predictive analytics answers, “What might happen?” then prescriptive analytics answers, “What do we have to do to make it happen?” or “How will this action change the outcome?” Prescriptive deals more with trial and error and has a bit of a hypothesis-testing … To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage … One is qualitative research and other is quantitative research. An example of the Complexity of Describing Constructs 20 Descriptive vs Prescriptive Theory phenomenon: an observable fact that can perceived through the senses and explained. An Example of Using Descriptive Analysis to Support or Rule Out Explanations 13 Box 9. They ignore informal institutions like political parties, civil societies etc. Prescriptive analytics provides such robust information by processing hybrid data, including structured (categories and numbers) and unstructured data (images, videos, texts and sounds), and business rules. (c) Juxtaposition Stage - the investigator will put side by side the result obtained from the interpretation stage with the educational system of his own country. Descriptive feedback provides students with detailed, specific information about improving their learning. The traditional approaches are mostly legal, institutional, historical, descriptive in nature, while the modern approach is scientific, rational and analytical. In descriptive statistics, measurements such as the mean and standard deviation are stated as exact numbers. Prescriptive definition: A prescriptive approach to something involves telling people what they should do, rather... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Descriptive research and Correlational Research. Quantitative, Qualitative, Predictive, Descriptive, Prescriptive, and Diagnostic are the various forms of study. Steps in a Descriptive Analysis—An Iterative Process 8 Box 7. It provides accurate data. There is a great deal of difference between prescriptive and descriptive approaches that will be talked about in this article. Prescriptive analytics is comparatively a new field in data science. i Research on Prescriptive Grammar and Its Comparison with Descriptive Grammar ii Abstract In English linguistics, there are two approaches which are opposite to each other theoretically: prescriptive grammar and descriptive grammar. Although descriptive statistics is helpful in learning things such as the spread and center of the data, nothing in descriptive statistics can be used to make any generalizations. The interpretation may be descriptive or functional. The rest of the paper is a comparative analysis of reported speech in OPEG and Longman Grammar of Spoken and written English (LGSWE). International Journal of English Linguistics; Vol. Descriptive decision researchers are concerned with the bounded way in which the decisions are actually made. It is something that has been most likely done in the past. Specifically, the odds of occurrence of a depressive and/or anxiety disorder in those with comorbid type 2 diabetes were twice that in the nondiabetic, chronically ill comparison group (odds ratio 2.26, 95% CI 1.28-4.01, P = 0.005). Berger and Bradac (1982) differentiate between three kinds of knowledge that a person can have about another person: descriptive, predictive, and explanatory. 160 –82. In the various methods of the study of comparative education the following are noteworthy Quantitative, Descriptive, Sociological, Historical, Analytical and Synthetic. Descriptive data will give us information outright, often in the form of a written record of events, letters, or other documentation. Data Summaries Are Not Descriptive Analysis 10 Box 8. This methodology focuses more on the “what” of the research subject than the “why” of the research subject. … Detail 4 Prescriptive Theories Billy is getting bigger, he is becoming obese and is at risk for chronic childhood diseases for example, type two diabetes, They are the heart of data analytics. They help us spot trends and patterns. Inductive research “involves the search for pattern from observation and the development of explanations – theories – for those patterns through series of hypotheses”. Data Summaries Are Not Descriptive Analysis 10 Box 8. Descriptive research definition: Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes the characteristics of the population or phenomenon studied. It produces results does not ensure accuracy. It simply identifies behaviors and describes the behavior and the participants. Comparative Education started in a descriptive or narrative manner, amounting to what is known as telling the story about education which, therefore, means History of Education. In the field of business, science and technology, economics, etc, they use two standard ways of conducting research. Prescriptive analytics showcases viable solutions to a problem and the impact of considering a solution on future trend. Distinguishing Between Descriptive Versus Normative Statements A description is just what you think it is: It describes a situation or what a philosopher might call a state of affairs. Statistics. Descriptive Analytics, which use data aggregation and data mining to provide insight into the past and answer: “What has happened?” Predictive Analytics, which use statistical models and forecasting techniques to understand the future and answer: “What could happen?” In this article, we explore the three different types of analytics -Descriptive Analytics, Predictive Analytics, and Prescriptive Analytics - to understand what each type of analytics delivers to improve on, an organization’s operational capabilities. Basically, normative ethics is the study of ethical action whereas descriptive ethics is the study of people’s views about moral beliefs. It aims to identify the main differences in the 2. They are: (a) Problem Approach or Thematic approach (b) Case study approach (c) Area study approach. • Prescriptive approach is textbook knowledge and contains rigid rules of grammar as it should be used. • Descriptive approach is much more lenient and takes into account how people speak and write the language. By: Charlie Rossiter. Comparative education is a discipline in the social sciences which entails the scrutiny and evaluation of different educational systems, such as those in various countries. Descriptive and interpretive approaches to qualitative research Robert Elliott and Ladislav Timulak Qualitative research methods today are a diverse set, encompassing approaches such as empirical phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, protocol analysis and dis-course analysis. Research on Prescriptive Grammar and Its Comparison with Descriptive Grammar 1988 Words | 8 Pages. 1. subject. Descriptive-comparative; In descriptive-comparative research, the researcher considers 2 variables which are not manipulated, and establish a formal procedure to conclude that one is better than the other. For descriptive statistics, we choose a group that we want to describe and then measure all subjects in that group. (Needham, , “ Notes on Comparative Method and Prescriptive Alliance,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 118 [1962], pp. 2. Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of grammar, syntax, and phonetics. By one common definition (Polkinghorne, 1983), all these methods They are – Syllabus and Curriculum. Predictive Analytics. 3. For example,I am older than her. It is a micro approach that focuses on detailed understanding and execution of particular topics. A common definition of research is gathering and analysing information systematically. I can see I will have to say something about descriptive and prescriptive approaches to language. educational institution. The analysis takes place when there is … Inferential statistics use samples to draw inferences about larger populations. For example, “The car is red,” “The river is flowing quickly,” “I’m sad that my juicer is broken,” “Brutus killed Caesar.” This is the most complex stage of the business analytics process, requiring much more specialised analytics knowledge to perform, and for this reason it is rarely used in day-to-day business operations. Conclusion. The comparative descriptive design examines and describes differences in variables in two or more groups that occur naturally in the setting. Descriptive research and Correlational Research. An Example of Using Descriptive Analysis to Support or Rule Out Explanations 13 Box 9. An exploratory research approach entails the use of surveys, case studies, information from other studies, and qualitative analyses. It determines, what can happen in the future with the help past data analysis. An example of the Complexity of Describing Constructs 20 The statistics courses treat risk from a prescriptive… Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analyses may be used to examine differences between or among groups. Approaches to the Study of Comparative Education. After all, prescriptive pathways tend to score higher on traditional conceptions of ‘rigour’ (more on that here) while descriptive pathways provide opportunities for interest-based, just-in-time learning. Descriptive Approach Vs. Prescriptive Approach | The Classroom To be fair, linguists have chosen a noun ( rules) that the average lay-person is likely to misinterpret, since most people only encounter “rules” on the playground, the classroom, the highway, and the office. 4; 2014 ISSN 1923-869X E-ISSN 1923-8703 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Prescriptive Aspects of the Descriptive Translation Studies Kunlun Liu1 1 School of Foreign Languages, China Normal University, China Correspondence: Kunlun Liu, No.1 Shida Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China. of causation. Case study approach. The descriptive level of knowing refers to our ability to ‘ know ’ a person based on the reliability with which we can identify him or her. Comparative education is often used interchangeably with international ... brought back from foreign travel and were generally descriptive in nature. One of the most basic but most misunderstood concepts in linguistics is that of descriptive rules. Descriptive grammar: the systematic study and description of a language.Descriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as it is actually used by speakers and writers. "Remember, most raw data, especially big data, are not suitable for human consumption, but the information we derived from the data is," Wu wrote. It will analyze the data and provide statements that have not happened yet. Let’s take a look at each of these: Descriptive Analytics is the first part of any model building exercise. 2. Box 5. Updated ... if an education researcher wished to begin a line of inquiry uninfluenced by past theories of education, she might simply ... Exploratory research makes use of more qualitative approaches than does descriptive research. Prescriptive analytics can optimize the processes and for a better future outcome. All statistical techniques can be divided into two broad categories: descriptive and inferential statistics. This essay serves to outline the comparison between Prescriptive and Descriptive grammars with detailed explanations about their origins and purposes as well as elaborate examples illustrated by the choice of English Language, the lingua franca, to point out their respective approach … In this post, we explore the differences between the two, and how they impact the field of data analytics. As you can see, the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics lies in the process as much as it does the statistics that you report. Box 5. By its title 'Comparative' it has to interpret facts, as without interpretation no comparison is possible. THE DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH describes what exists and may help to uncover new facts and meaning. So this means descriptive feedback is linked to the learning that is expected, addresses faulty interpretations and lack of understanding and provides students with visible and … "Prescriptive decision analysis bridges the gap between descriptive observation of the way people do make choices and the normative guidelines for how they should make choices. Curriculum remains prescriptive in nature as its structure needs to be followed in the specified manner while syllabus is more descriptive and flexible in nature and can be covered in a non-prescriptive manner. In simple words, descriptive implicates discovering the interesting patterns or association relating the data whereas predictive involves the prediction and classification of the behaviour of the model founded on the current and past data. These are Traditional and Modern approaches of comparative politics. (d) Historical approach (e) Descriptive approach (f) Philosophical approach. Descriptive research implements both qualitative and quantitative research methods. (d) Comparative … The descriptive strategy is done based on past evidence. Descriptive vs. Prescriptive Linguistics takes a descriptive approach to language: it tries to explain things as they actually are, not as we wish them to be. These two approaches are different in a way that one is based on telling people what rules they should follow which is the prescriptive approach and the other, descriptive approach, is about finding how a language is used by the people that speak it. This is useful for helping us gain a quick and easy understanding of a data set without pouring over all of the individual data values. These few example, are accounts, that show the descriptive method of comparative education and as a method, and was advocated for by those educationists who were interested in promoting and popularize the study of comparative education. Critically analyze the limitations in this approach. In this approach we study the modern educational problems. Curriculum Vs Syllabus: Every student in his or her student life has heard of these two terms. Al Wossabi, Sami adds that based on this analysis prescriptive and descriptive grammar approaches are not greatly incompatible to each other, since both pretend to get the message across. Al Wossabi, Sami adds that based on this analysis prescriptive and descriptive grammar approaches are not greatly incompatible to each other, since both pretend to get the message across. Inductive approach, also known in inductive reasoning, starts with the observations and theories are proposed towards the end of the research process as a result of observations. useful to distinguish among three approaches to definition: (1) descriptive; (2) prescriptive; and (3) programmatic and normative.4 Descriptive defini-tions of comparative education are the most matter-of-fact, being often rather implicit. Prescriptive analytics takes what has been learned through descriptive and predictive analysis and goes a step further by recommending the best possible courses of action for a business. Using LR, a main effect was detected for illness group when age and education were controlled (chi(2) = 22.66, df 4, P = 0.000). When we study language descriptively, we try to find the unconscious rules that people follow when they say things like sentence (1). Specifically, the 2 (Chinese and American culture) x 2 (Good and Bad person) x 2 (Will as descriptive and Should as prescriptive belief) study revealed … It has become a major philosophy and research method in the humanities, human sciences and arts. Correlational Research – determine whether a relationship or association exists between two or more variables, but cannot determine if one variable causes another. That is why it is a simple procedure of testing. Comparative education is a discipline in the social sciences which entails the scrutiny and evaluation of different educational systems, such as those in various countries. In this approach, they recommended the following procedure; i) … (b) Interpretation Stage - the investigator will now collate and analyse the data gathered from various sources to enable him do justice to the educational system of the area being studied. Problem Approach or Thematic approach. Descriptive Research and Correlational Research. Prescriptive decision scientists are concerned with prescribing methods for making optimal decisions. The Scientific Method Approach. Common Uses of Descriptive Accounts in Education Research and Practice 7 Box 6. They are: 1. Apollo (1986) identified eight approaches to the study of Comparative Education. They help us plan. Descriptive research and Correlational research are two important types of research studies that help researchers make ambitious and measured decisions in their respective fields.. Descriptive research is defined as a research method that involves observing behavior to describe attributes, objectively and systematically. It is a puritan approach of a language. The school book approach to a language is purely prescriptive in nature. It tries to teach you how you should speak and write the language. Teachers and editors are more likely to follow the prescriptive approach. What does Descriptive mean? Hence, it is necessary to use the statistical method It determines, what happened in the past by analyzing stored data. The main difference between normative ethics and descriptive ethics is that normative ethics analyses how people ought to act whereas descriptive ethics analyses what people think is right. PART 1 DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW AND HOW MANY. The rest of the paper is a comparative analysis of reported speech in OPEG and Longman Grammar of Spoken and written English (LGSWE). Aim: To provide insight into how descriptive and interpretive phenomenological research approaches can guide nurse researchers during the generation and application of knowledge. He considered the study of comparative education as useful for one’s national system of education. The above account indicates that the descriptive method of comparative education was advocated by those educationists who wanted to promote and popularise the study of comparative education. 3. The Sociological Method: Normative, descriptive and prescriptive responses - Volume 17 Issue 1. It also involves visiting the foreign countries of interest to enable the investigator make an objective comparison between the foreign educational practices and that of his country. The connection between statistical inference and the logic of prescriptive statements will be explicitly established as well. Prescriptive analytics is the final stage of business analytics. We can broadly classify analytics into three distinct segments – Descriptive, Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics. This method was developed and population by Harold Noah and Marc Eckstein in 1960, when they wrote a book entitled "Toward, a Science of Comparative Education". Explanation: Subject pronouns (she, he, it, and so on) are paired with a verb, whereas object pronouns (her, him, it, and so on) are not.Since the phrase "than her" doesn't have a verb we can see or hear, some speakers choose an object pronoun in the context. Difference Between Descriptive and Predictive Data Mining: 1. 1. The difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research is to understand the key fields of research and learning to differentiate between one and the other. Despite criticism, it is widely We analyze the historical data to identify patterns and trends of the dependent and independent variables. 1. Satisfaction with Online Learning: A Comparative Descriptive Study Virginia Roach and Linda Lemasters The George Washington University Abstract A 3rd party provider approached university faculty and administration to develop an on-line program for the Master’s degree in educational administration and leadership. In contrast, a descriptive research approach uses information from other studies, panels, analyses, and observation. Also by adopting Mintzberg analogy, prescriptive strategy is said to biblical in its approach, it appears at a point in time and is governed by a set of rule s, fully formulated and ready to implement .While the descriptive strategy is Darwinian in approach, an emerging and changing strategy that survives by adapting as the environment itself changes. Though they may indicate a similar thing in the literal meaning, these two words’ intention is different. I do have to be sure that my prescriptions are based on good descriptions of the … The descriptive approach tries to find how language is used comprehensively, accurately and systematically. Predictive Analytics will help an organization to know what might happen next, it predicts future based on present data available. The major difference between exploratory and descriptive research is that Exploratory research is one which aims at providing insights into and comprehension of the problem faced by the researcher. After having set the objectives of research, next step is to decide the research design which best suits the research objectives. There are two approaches of learning grammar of a language called prescriptive and descriptive approaches. In a recent letter The Quantitative of Statistical Method: The study of comparative education we analyse the similarities and factors inherent in the education systems of various countries. Steps in a Descriptive Analysis—An Iterative Process 8 Box 7. By definition, descriptive knowledge is knowledge of particular facts, as potentially expressed by our theories, concepts, principles, schemas, and ideas. Area study approach. Learn more and read tips on how to get started with prescriptive analytics. Each of these analytic types offers a different insight. In addition, [1] Descriptive grammar: a grammar that "describes" how language is used by its speakers. Unlike the descriptive strategy, the prescriptive strategy takes other factors into consideration while analyzing multiple criteria and conflicting objections. 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ABSTRACT This study is being conducted to investigate the cultural perception of the user interface elements of a website among two distinct cultures: liberal (British) and prescriptive (Arab). In this paper, we first differentiate the descriptive and prescriptive approaches to research, then review the systems of logic in philosophy of science and consider the logic of prescriptive statements. Descriptive vs. Prescriptive Rules. This approach is used to describe variables rather than to test a predicted relationship between variables. Background: Phenomenology is a discipline that investigates people's experiences to reveal what lies 'hidden' in them. Differences between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. Given the “pluses and minuses” of each, it’s worth exploring how a combination of these approaches could work in practice. Causal research design strictly uses experiments. Syllabus Vs Curriculum: Key Differences. The field study approach unlike area study approach, concerns itself with the study of the educational systems of many countries at the same time. The connection between statistical inference and the logic of prescriptive statements will be explicitly established as well. Differences Between Descriptive & Exploratory Research. If predictive analytics answers, “What might happen?” then prescriptive analytics answers, “What do we have to do to make it happen?” or “How will this action change the outcome?” Prescriptive deals more with trial and error and has a bit of a hypothesis-testing … To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage … One is qualitative research and other is quantitative research. An example of the Complexity of Describing Constructs 20 Descriptive vs Prescriptive Theory phenomenon: an observable fact that can perceived through the senses and explained. An Example of Using Descriptive Analysis to Support or Rule Out Explanations 13 Box 9. They ignore informal institutions like political parties, civil societies etc. Prescriptive analytics provides such robust information by processing hybrid data, including structured (categories and numbers) and unstructured data (images, videos, texts and sounds), and business rules. (c) Juxtaposition Stage - the investigator will put side by side the result obtained from the interpretation stage with the educational system of his own country. Descriptive feedback provides students with detailed, specific information about improving their learning. The traditional approaches are mostly legal, institutional, historical, descriptive in nature, while the modern approach is scientific, rational and analytical. In descriptive statistics, measurements such as the mean and standard deviation are stated as exact numbers. Prescriptive definition: A prescriptive approach to something involves telling people what they should do, rather... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Descriptive research and Correlational Research. Quantitative, Qualitative, Predictive, Descriptive, Prescriptive, and Diagnostic are the various forms of study. Steps in a Descriptive Analysis—An Iterative Process 8 Box 7. It provides accurate data. There is a great deal of difference between prescriptive and descriptive approaches that will be talked about in this article. Prescriptive analytics is comparatively a new field in data science. i Research on Prescriptive Grammar and Its Comparison with Descriptive Grammar ii Abstract In English linguistics, there are two approaches which are opposite to each other theoretically: prescriptive grammar and descriptive grammar. Although descriptive statistics is helpful in learning things such as the spread and center of the data, nothing in descriptive statistics can be used to make any generalizations. The interpretation may be descriptive or functional. The rest of the paper is a comparative analysis of reported speech in OPEG and Longman Grammar of Spoken and written English (LGSWE). International Journal of English Linguistics; Vol. Descriptive decision researchers are concerned with the bounded way in which the decisions are actually made. It is something that has been most likely done in the past. Specifically, the odds of occurrence of a depressive and/or anxiety disorder in those with comorbid type 2 diabetes were twice that in the nondiabetic, chronically ill comparison group (odds ratio 2.26, 95% CI 1.28-4.01, P = 0.005). Berger and Bradac (1982) differentiate between three kinds of knowledge that a person can have about another person: descriptive, predictive, and explanatory. 160 –82. In the various methods of the study of comparative education the following are noteworthy Quantitative, Descriptive, Sociological, Historical, Analytical and Synthetic. Descriptive data will give us information outright, often in the form of a written record of events, letters, or other documentation. Data Summaries Are Not Descriptive Analysis 10 Box 8. This methodology focuses more on the “what” of the research subject than the “why” of the research subject. … Detail 4 Prescriptive Theories Billy is getting bigger, he is becoming obese and is at risk for chronic childhood diseases for example, type two diabetes, They are the heart of data analytics. They help us spot trends and patterns. Inductive research “involves the search for pattern from observation and the development of explanations – theories – for those patterns through series of hypotheses”. Data Summaries Are Not Descriptive Analysis 10 Box 8. Descriptive research definition: Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes the characteristics of the population or phenomenon studied. It produces results does not ensure accuracy. It simply identifies behaviors and describes the behavior and the participants. Comparative Education started in a descriptive or narrative manner, amounting to what is known as telling the story about education which, therefore, means History of Education. In the field of business, science and technology, economics, etc, they use two standard ways of conducting research. Prescriptive analytics showcases viable solutions to a problem and the impact of considering a solution on future trend. Distinguishing Between Descriptive Versus Normative Statements A description is just what you think it is: It describes a situation or what a philosopher might call a state of affairs. Statistics. Descriptive Analytics, which use data aggregation and data mining to provide insight into the past and answer: “What has happened?” Predictive Analytics, which use statistical models and forecasting techniques to understand the future and answer: “What could happen?” In this article, we explore the three different types of analytics -Descriptive Analytics, Predictive Analytics, and Prescriptive Analytics - to understand what each type of analytics delivers to improve on, an organization’s operational capabilities. Basically, normative ethics is the study of ethical action whereas descriptive ethics is the study of people’s views about moral beliefs. It aims to identify the main differences in the 2. They are: (a) Problem Approach or Thematic approach (b) Case study approach (c) Area study approach. • Prescriptive approach is textbook knowledge and contains rigid rules of grammar as it should be used. • Descriptive approach is much more lenient and takes into account how people speak and write the language. By: Charlie Rossiter. Comparative education is a discipline in the social sciences which entails the scrutiny and evaluation of different educational systems, such as those in various countries. Descriptive and interpretive approaches to qualitative research Robert Elliott and Ladislav Timulak Qualitative research methods today are a diverse set, encompassing approaches such as empirical phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, protocol analysis and dis-course analysis. Research on Prescriptive Grammar and Its Comparison with Descriptive Grammar 1988 Words | 8 Pages. 1. subject. Descriptive-comparative; In descriptive-comparative research, the researcher considers 2 variables which are not manipulated, and establish a formal procedure to conclude that one is better than the other. For descriptive statistics, we choose a group that we want to describe and then measure all subjects in that group. (Needham, , “ Notes on Comparative Method and Prescriptive Alliance,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 118 [1962], pp. 2. Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of grammar, syntax, and phonetics. By one common definition (Polkinghorne, 1983), all these methods They are – Syllabus and Curriculum. Predictive Analytics. 3. For example,I am older than her. It is a micro approach that focuses on detailed understanding and execution of particular topics. A common definition of research is gathering and analysing information systematically. I can see I will have to say something about descriptive and prescriptive approaches to language. educational institution. The analysis takes place when there is … Inferential statistics use samples to draw inferences about larger populations. For example, “The car is red,” “The river is flowing quickly,” “I’m sad that my juicer is broken,” “Brutus killed Caesar.” This is the most complex stage of the business analytics process, requiring much more specialised analytics knowledge to perform, and for this reason it is rarely used in day-to-day business operations. Conclusion. The comparative descriptive design examines and describes differences in variables in two or more groups that occur naturally in the setting. Descriptive research and Correlational Research. An Example of Using Descriptive Analysis to Support or Rule Out Explanations 13 Box 9. An exploratory research approach entails the use of surveys, case studies, information from other studies, and qualitative analyses. It determines, what can happen in the future with the help past data analysis. An example of the Complexity of Describing Constructs 20 The statistics courses treat risk from a prescriptive… Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analyses may be used to examine differences between or among groups. Approaches to the Study of Comparative Education. After all, prescriptive pathways tend to score higher on traditional conceptions of ‘rigour’ (more on that here) while descriptive pathways provide opportunities for interest-based, just-in-time learning. Descriptive Approach Vs. Prescriptive Approach | The Classroom To be fair, linguists have chosen a noun ( rules) that the average lay-person is likely to misinterpret, since most people only encounter “rules” on the playground, the classroom, the highway, and the office. 4; 2014 ISSN 1923-869X E-ISSN 1923-8703 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Prescriptive Aspects of the Descriptive Translation Studies Kunlun Liu1 1 School of Foreign Languages, China Normal University, China Correspondence: Kunlun Liu, No.1 Shida Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China. of causation. Case study approach. The descriptive level of knowing refers to our ability to ‘ know ’ a person based on the reliability with which we can identify him or her. Comparative education is often used interchangeably with international ... brought back from foreign travel and were generally descriptive in nature. One of the most basic but most misunderstood concepts in linguistics is that of descriptive rules. Descriptive grammar: the systematic study and description of a language.Descriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as it is actually used by speakers and writers. "Remember, most raw data, especially big data, are not suitable for human consumption, but the information we derived from the data is," Wu wrote. It will analyze the data and provide statements that have not happened yet. Let’s take a look at each of these: Descriptive Analytics is the first part of any model building exercise. 2. Box 5. Updated ... if an education researcher wished to begin a line of inquiry uninfluenced by past theories of education, she might simply ... Exploratory research makes use of more qualitative approaches than does descriptive research. Prescriptive analytics can optimize the processes and for a better future outcome. All statistical techniques can be divided into two broad categories: descriptive and inferential statistics. This essay serves to outline the comparison between Prescriptive and Descriptive grammars with detailed explanations about their origins and purposes as well as elaborate examples illustrated by the choice of English Language, the lingua franca, to point out their respective approach … In this post, we explore the differences between the two, and how they impact the field of data analytics. As you can see, the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics lies in the process as much as it does the statistics that you report. Box 5. By its title 'Comparative' it has to interpret facts, as without interpretation no comparison is possible. THE DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH describes what exists and may help to uncover new facts and meaning. So this means descriptive feedback is linked to the learning that is expected, addresses faulty interpretations and lack of understanding and provides students with visible and … "Prescriptive decision analysis bridges the gap between descriptive observation of the way people do make choices and the normative guidelines for how they should make choices. Curriculum remains prescriptive in nature as its structure needs to be followed in the specified manner while syllabus is more descriptive and flexible in nature and can be covered in a non-prescriptive manner. In simple words, descriptive implicates discovering the interesting patterns or association relating the data whereas predictive involves the prediction and classification of the behaviour of the model founded on the current and past data. These are Traditional and Modern approaches of comparative politics. (d) Historical approach (e) Descriptive approach (f) Philosophical approach. Descriptive research implements both qualitative and quantitative research methods. (d) Comparative … The descriptive strategy is done based on past evidence. Descriptive vs. Prescriptive Linguistics takes a descriptive approach to language: it tries to explain things as they actually are, not as we wish them to be. These two approaches are different in a way that one is based on telling people what rules they should follow which is the prescriptive approach and the other, descriptive approach, is about finding how a language is used by the people that speak it. This is useful for helping us gain a quick and easy understanding of a data set without pouring over all of the individual data values. These few example, are accounts, that show the descriptive method of comparative education and as a method, and was advocated for by those educationists who were interested in promoting and popularize the study of comparative education. Critically analyze the limitations in this approach. In this approach we study the modern educational problems. Curriculum Vs Syllabus: Every student in his or her student life has heard of these two terms. Al Wossabi, Sami adds that based on this analysis prescriptive and descriptive grammar approaches are not greatly incompatible to each other, since both pretend to get the message across. Al Wossabi, Sami adds that based on this analysis prescriptive and descriptive grammar approaches are not greatly incompatible to each other, since both pretend to get the message across. Inductive approach, also known in inductive reasoning, starts with the observations and theories are proposed towards the end of the research process as a result of observations. useful to distinguish among three approaches to definition: (1) descriptive; (2) prescriptive; and (3) programmatic and normative.4 Descriptive defini-tions of comparative education are the most matter-of-fact, being often rather implicit. Prescriptive analytics takes what has been learned through descriptive and predictive analysis and goes a step further by recommending the best possible courses of action for a business. Using LR, a main effect was detected for illness group when age and education were controlled (chi(2) = 22.66, df 4, P = 0.000). When we study language descriptively, we try to find the unconscious rules that people follow when they say things like sentence (1). Specifically, the 2 (Chinese and American culture) x 2 (Good and Bad person) x 2 (Will as descriptive and Should as prescriptive belief) study revealed … It has become a major philosophy and research method in the humanities, human sciences and arts. Correlational Research – determine whether a relationship or association exists between two or more variables, but cannot determine if one variable causes another. That is why it is a simple procedure of testing. Comparative education is a discipline in the social sciences which entails the scrutiny and evaluation of different educational systems, such as those in various countries. In this approach, they recommended the following procedure; i) … (b) Interpretation Stage - the investigator will now collate and analyse the data gathered from various sources to enable him do justice to the educational system of the area being studied. Problem Approach or Thematic approach. Descriptive Research and Correlational Research. Prescriptive decision scientists are concerned with prescribing methods for making optimal decisions. The Scientific Method Approach. Common Uses of Descriptive Accounts in Education Research and Practice 7 Box 6. They are: 1. Apollo (1986) identified eight approaches to the study of Comparative Education. They help us plan. Descriptive research and Correlational research are two important types of research studies that help researchers make ambitious and measured decisions in their respective fields.. Descriptive research is defined as a research method that involves observing behavior to describe attributes, objectively and systematically. It is a puritan approach of a language. The school book approach to a language is purely prescriptive in nature. It tries to teach you how you should speak and write the language. Teachers and editors are more likely to follow the prescriptive approach. What does Descriptive mean? Hence, it is necessary to use the statistical method It determines, what happened in the past by analyzing stored data. The main difference between normative ethics and descriptive ethics is that normative ethics analyses how people ought to act whereas descriptive ethics analyses what people think is right. PART 1 DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW AND HOW MANY. The rest of the paper is a comparative analysis of reported speech in OPEG and Longman Grammar of Spoken and written English (LGSWE). Aim: To provide insight into how descriptive and interpretive phenomenological research approaches can guide nurse researchers during the generation and application of knowledge. He considered the study of comparative education as useful for one’s national system of education. The above account indicates that the descriptive method of comparative education was advocated by those educationists who wanted to promote and popularise the study of comparative education. 3. The Sociological Method: Normative, descriptive and prescriptive responses - Volume 17 Issue 1. It also involves visiting the foreign countries of interest to enable the investigator make an objective comparison between the foreign educational practices and that of his country. The connection between statistical inference and the logic of prescriptive statements will be explicitly established as well. Prescriptive analytics is the final stage of business analytics. We can broadly classify analytics into three distinct segments – Descriptive, Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics. This method was developed and population by Harold Noah and Marc Eckstein in 1960, when they wrote a book entitled "Toward, a Science of Comparative Education". Explanation: Subject pronouns (she, he, it, and so on) are paired with a verb, whereas object pronouns (her, him, it, and so on) are not.Since the phrase "than her" doesn't have a verb we can see or hear, some speakers choose an object pronoun in the context. Difference Between Descriptive and Predictive Data Mining: 1. 1. The difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research is to understand the key fields of research and learning to differentiate between one and the other. Despite criticism, it is widely We analyze the historical data to identify patterns and trends of the dependent and independent variables. 1. Satisfaction with Online Learning: A Comparative Descriptive Study Virginia Roach and Linda Lemasters The George Washington University Abstract A 3rd party provider approached university faculty and administration to develop an on-line program for the Master’s degree in educational administration and leadership. In contrast, a descriptive research approach uses information from other studies, panels, analyses, and observation. Also by adopting Mintzberg analogy, prescriptive strategy is said to biblical in its approach, it appears at a point in time and is governed by a set of rule s, fully formulated and ready to implement .While the descriptive strategy is Darwinian in approach, an emerging and changing strategy that survives by adapting as the environment itself changes. Though they may indicate a similar thing in the literal meaning, these two words’ intention is different. I do have to be sure that my prescriptions are based on good descriptions of the … The descriptive approach tries to find how language is used comprehensively, accurately and systematically. Predictive Analytics will help an organization to know what might happen next, it predicts future based on present data available. The major difference between exploratory and descriptive research is that Exploratory research is one which aims at providing insights into and comprehension of the problem faced by the researcher. After having set the objectives of research, next step is to decide the research design which best suits the research objectives. There are two approaches of learning grammar of a language called prescriptive and descriptive approaches. In a recent letter The Quantitative of Statistical Method: The study of comparative education we analyse the similarities and factors inherent in the education systems of various countries. Steps in a Descriptive Analysis—An Iterative Process 8 Box 7. By definition, descriptive knowledge is knowledge of particular facts, as potentially expressed by our theories, concepts, principles, schemas, and ideas. Area study approach. Learn more and read tips on how to get started with prescriptive analytics. Each of these analytic types offers a different insight. In addition, [1] Descriptive grammar: a grammar that "describes" how language is used by its speakers. Unlike the descriptive strategy, the prescriptive strategy takes other factors into consideration while analyzing multiple criteria and conflicting objections.

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